The Role of the Immune System

When foreign particles enter the body, the immune system identifies the substance as a threat. Signals are sent to white blood cells in order to release antibodies and fight off the invader. When these antibodies encounter an allergen, such as pollen, a byproduct called histamine is produced. The result is a sensitized immune system that causes symptoms associated with hay fever.

Complications and Symptoms

The symptoms of Hay Fever can result in a feeling of fatigue and an inability to sleep. If the allergy is severe, it may develop into a more serious condition such as asthma. 

• Sneezing
• A clear watery nasal discharge
• Watery or bloodshot eyes
• Itching

Antihistamines and decongestants will usually control minor symptoms. If they worsen, or become accompanied by a bloody discharge it is advisable to seek medical attention. Intranasal corticosteroids or steroid injections may reduce the frequency of reactions. Itchy steroid injection sites can be managed with topical creams, providing no infection is present.

Common Allergen Triggers

Although the most common route of absorbing allergens is nasal, they can also enter a body through the mucus membranes, the eyes, and the mouth. It can be difficult to pinpoint a specific allergen that causes hay fever. Here is a list of allergen triggers:

• Pollen grains are a necessary ingredient for plant reproduction. They are often airborne and come from trees, flowers, grasses, and weeds. Some types, such as grass pollen, are more likely to cause an allergic reaction, or Pollinosis. High pollen counts are normally heavier during certain times of the year. When this happens, it is referred to as seasonal allergic rhinitis. 
• Indoor and outdoor mold, or mildew, is also a common culprit. Mold can be present all year long in places that are damp and receive little sunlight. Air circulation is another factor that contributes to mold growth.
• Dust mites are invisible to the naked eye, but can cause big problems nonetheless. They live year round inside of the carpeting and furniture in homes. A protein that the dust mite excretes causes the allergic reaction.

The body’s immune response to allergens is the cause behind Hay Fever. While it is impossible to live in a completely allergen free environment, the symptoms can managed. By understanding how reactions occur, it becomes possible to explore options for safe and effective treatment.