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What Causes / Triggers Asthma? Asthma is a chronic disease that causes inflammation of the airway resulting in shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. Although the cause of this disease is unknown, there does seem to be a strong genetic link to families with allergies. When an asthma attack occurs, it usually is due to a hypersensitivity to something the individual has come in contact with that triggers the attack. Triggers such as dust mites or pet dander are not considered causes of asthma, but are the irritants that affect the inside of the airway resulting in the attack. Learning to identify and avoid triggers can help to reduce and possibly prevent an attack. How Triggers Cause Asthma Attacks
Although there are common triggers that cause asthma attacks, each person is different when it comes to what triggers their attacks. Some people suffer from allergic asthma due to exposure to certain allergens while others may suffer from environmental pollutant triggers. No matter what the triggers may be, they all cause the same effects on the airway. When the trigger makes contact with the airway, the muscles surrounding the airway begin to experience spasms and inflammation. The mucosal membrane that lines the airway begins to swell, producing copious amounts of mucus. This causes the airway to narrow, preventing proper airflow. Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath are typical signs of an asthma attack. Common triggers include: Dust Mites Although dust mites do not cause attacks in everyone with asthma, they do affect some people. Dust mites live in most homes and are almost impossible to prevent. To avoid having an attack, using pillowcase covers and mattress covers can help prevent direct contact with dust mites. Secondhand Smoke Secondhand smoke is a common trigger of asthma attacks. Individuals should avoid areas where secondhand smoke may be and family members should always avoid smoking around anyone with asthma. Outdoor Pollutants and Pollen Because outdoor pollutants such as automobile exhaust and industrial pollution can trigger asthma attacks, individuals should avoid going outdoors when air quality is poor. Those who suffer from bronchial and/or rhinitis inflammation due to pollen allergens and have asthma should avoid going outdoors when pollen counts are high. Local weather forecasters usually include this information so those with asthma and hay fever can stay indoors when necessary. Pets Unfortunately, pets can trigger asthma attacks in some individuals. If this occurs, the pet should either be kept outdoors or relocated to another home. If not, pets should be kept well groomed and floors should be vacuumed and mopped regularly. Mold Individuals with asthma can develop an attack when exposed to mold. To prevent mold, humidifiers and air conditioners should be used and humidity levels should be kept around 30 to 50 percent in the home. Water leaks should be repaired to prevent mold growth. Other Asthma Triggers Other asthma triggers include cockroaches and their droppings, sinus infections, flu, bronchitis, respiratory diseases, viruses and colds as well as chemicals that are breathed in. Certain medications, bad weather, smoke created from burning wood and certain foods can also trigger attacks. Attacks can also be exercise-induced or brought on by emotional reactions such as hyperventilating. |
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