In order to know for certain if you suffer from hypertension, you will need to have your blood pressure checked by your doctor. Your blood pressure reading is measured in two numbered parts. The first numbered reading is called systolic pressure. This number is the result of measurement taken on the pressure your heart uses to pump blood throughout your body. The second numbered reading is called diastolic pressure. This number is the result of measuring pressure in your blood vessels between heartbeats. A normal blood pressure reading is 120/80 or lower. A reading of any number between 121 and 139 for systolic pressure and 81 through 89 for diastolic pressure is considered prehypertension. A reading of 140/90 or higher will result in a diagnosis of hypertension.

If you do get a high blood pressure reading your doctor will likely do a physical exam which will include a blood and urine test and question you about your family’s medical history. An EKG test might also be administered to measure your hearts activity. Your doctor will check your blood pressure a few more times before officially diagnosing you with hypertension as factors such as stress can contribute to a higher than normal reading.

If hypertension is diagnosed, medication will be prescribed. Diuretics and beta blockers are most often prescribed and can be taken together without harmful effects. Diuretics help remove excess water in your bloodstream. Beta blockers help to open blood vessels by making the heart beat at a slower pace.

Diet and lifestyle changes will also need to be made when treating hypertension. A diet rich in vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains and potassium will be recommended by your doctor. Stay away from foods made with saturated fat and sodium as these contribute to high blood pressure. This diet will help lower sodium levels in your bloodstream, reduce or eliminate cholesterol in your arteries and even help you to loose excess weight. Alcohol consumption and smoking will need to be eliminated. Exercising for at least 30 minutes a day and managing stress levels with yoga or mediation will need to be incorporated into your treatment plan.

If left untreated, damage to organs and severe illness will likely occur. Untreated hypertension can lead to a stroke, heart disease, heart attack, aneurysms in the brain or abdomen, kidney disease, nerve damage in eye vessels and coronary artery disease. The best way to prevent such organ failure and illnesses from occurring is to immediately treat your hypertension and maintain control through medication and a healthy diet and lifestyle.