The specific causes of endometriosis are not known; however, there are a number of risk factors that can cause women to be more prone to this common health concern. If a woman's sister or mother suffers from the condition, then she is up to six times more likely to have endometriosis herself. Doctors believe that other risk factors can include beginning menstruation at an early age, frequent menstrual cycles, cycles that last for a long time and never having children. 

One theory of the cause of endometriosis is a condition called retrograde menstruation. In retrograde menstruation, when the lining of the uterus is shed, instead of it flowing out of the uterus, it backs up into the fallopian tubes, and then into the pelvic area. 

Treatments

There are a number of possible treatments for endometriosis. Treatments are generally tailored for each individual circumstance. Some women take the birth control pill, which stops the endometriosis from getting worse. Progesterone pills or injections may be prescribed, or medication to stop the production of estrogen is sometimes recommended. In some cases, laprascopic surgery is performed, especially in cases where the woman is in a lot of pain or plans to try to get pregnant. In extreme cases, and for women who either do not desire children or are done giving birth, a hysterectomy may be performed. A hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus, sometimes including the fallopian tubes and/or one or both ovaries. 

Complications

Complications of endometriosis can include infertility, chronic pain or large ovarian cysts in the pelvic area. In some cases, albeit rare instances, cancer can occur. Endometriosis has also been linked to chronic fatigue syndrome and other auto-immune disorders such as fibromyalgia and allergies. When endometriosis is severe, it is known as deeply infiltrating endometriosis. 

Endometriosis and Fertility

Endometriosis is known to affect fertility. Some statistics suggest that up to 40 percent of women who have endometriosis also experience infertility. Infertility specialists can recommend courses of action for women trying to conceive, including, in some cases, in vitro fertilization (IVF). 

Outcomes

While endometriosis can cause pain and complications, it may be comforting for sufferers to know that it is estimated that nearly 70 million women worldwide have the condition, and with the help of a healthcare provider, it can usually be successfully treated and controlled.