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What Causes Kidney Stones? Kidney stones are hard, small deposits that form inside the kidneys from a build up of acid salts and minerals. The formation of kidney stones can occur from several different causes and factors, which when combined can create the perfect conditions for kidney stones to develop. When urine components such as various minerals and fluids become imbalanced, stones are more likely to develop. If the urine contains more calcium, uric acid and oxalate substances than fluids, the formation of crystal-like deposits can form due to not enough fluids to dilute them. If the urine imbalance lacks enough substances to prevent the build up of deposits, this can also result in the formation of kidney stones. Different Types of Kidney Stones and Their Causes
There are several different types of kidney stones. The type that develops will depend on the cause. Different types include: Calcium Stones - These types of kidney stones are the most common. Calcium stones usually develop from high levels of calcium oxalate, which can be found in chocolate, nuts, fruits and vegetables. Along with dietary factors, metabolic disorders, intestinal bypass surgery and high doses of vitamin D can also raise the calcium and oxalate concentration in urine. Uric Acid Stones - Individuals who consume a high protein diet, have gout or are dehydrated can develop uric acid stones. Individuals with certain genetic factors as well as those with certain blood disorders are also at greater risk of developing these types of kidney stones. Cystine Stones - Cystine stones are rare as they only affect individuals with a certain hereditary disorder, which causes large amounts of the amino acid, cystinuria to be excreted from the kidneys. Struvite Stones - Struvite stones can develop due to infections of the urinary tract. These types of stones can become large, as they tend to grow rapidly. Factors That Can Increase the Risk of Kidney Stones There are several factors that can raise the risk of the development of kidney stones. These include: Age - Individuals over the age of 40 are more likely to develop kidney stones although they can develop at any age. Family History - Kidney stones do tend to run in families, making family members more susceptible. Those who have a history of kidney stones are also more likely to develop them again. Gender - Males are at higher risk than females for kidney stone development. Obesity - Obesity has been linked to a higher risk of kidney stones. Dehydration - Individuals who do not drink enough water everyday are at a higher risk, especially those who reside in warmer climates and sweat frequently. Digestive Surgery and Diseases - Certain digestive diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease can cause problems with the absorption of calcium resulting in high levels of crystal forming substances in the urine. Gastric bypass surgery also raises the risk of stone development. Diet - Diets that contain large amounts of sugar, sodium and protein can increase the chance of kidney stones. Certain Medical Disorders - Disorders such as urinary tract infections, cystinuria, renal tubular acidosis and hyperparathyroidism can increase the risk of kidney stone formation. |
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